The Covenant of Restoration

“Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the Lord: but this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. And they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” —Jeremiah 31:31-34

THE Apostle Paul wrote, “Death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam’s transgression.” (Rom. 5:14) Adam’s transgression was individual and wilful, and it brought upon him the penalty of death. Because Adam had fallen from perfection prior to the birth of his children they were born imperfect, and from him therefore they inherited the death penalty, and Paul reminds us that this situation continued from Adam to Moses. Adam’s descendants were not necessarily as individuals wilful sinners, but in any case they were under condemnation to death.

When Moses became the leader of the Hebrew people and delivered them from Egyptian bondage he mediated a covenant between them and the Lord which gave the people an opportunity to be released from adamic condemnation. This is often referred to as the Law Covenant. The epitome of that covenant so far as God’s law was concerned was the Ten Commandments. God’s promise was that those who would obey that law would live, and the Apostle Paul wrote that it was “ordained to life.”—Rom. 7:10

When the rich young ruler asked Jesus what he could do to have eternal life, Jesus referred the young man to the Law, for he knew that according to the promise anyone who could and would keep those commandments would have life. The young man indicated that he had kept the Law—and probably he had kept it as well as he could—but he realized that just like everyone else, he was dying. The fact is, as discovered by the most earnest of the Israelites, by the rich young ruler, and by Paul, the standards of righteousness set forth in the Law were beyond the ability of any imperfect human to meet, so no one gained life under that arrangement. But the Israelites were given an opportunity, and it was this that made the change in status of the Israelites who died after Moses.

Paul wrote that the Law was a “schoolmaster” to bring us to Christ. (Gal. 3:24) In other words, the Law demonstrated the need of a Redeemer in order for members of the adamic race to obtain life, and of course that Redeemer was and is Jesus. Paul wrote that “as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.” (I Cor. 15:22) Through the Prophet Jeremiah the Lord reminds us of the principle involved in the matter of all mankind’s dying because of Adam’s transgression. He speaks of it as the fathers eating the sour grape and the children’s teeth being set on edge. (Jer. 31:29,30) In this scripture the Lord promises that it will not always be this way; that “in those days they shall say no more, the fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children’s teeth are set on edge. But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge.”

This wonderful passage of Scripture immediately precedes our text concerning the New Covenant which the Lord promised to make “with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah.” The complete lesson is that through the instrumentality of the promised New Covenant people will no longer die because of Adam’s transgression, but if they die at all it will be because of their own individual transgression of divine law, having thus eaten the “sour grape” of sin.

Interesting Differences

In his promise of the New Covenant the Lord said that it would be “not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake.” In connection with the giving of the Law Covenant there was the sacrifice of animals to provide blood for sprinkling the people. Moses went up into the mount, and there received from Jehovah the tables of stone on which were written the Ten Commandments. After returning, the Law was read to the assembled people, and they shouted, “All these things will we do.” Then there was the sprinkling of the people with the blood of the covenant.

Altogether this was an impressive and glorious inauguration of a most solemn covenant, or agreement, between God and his people Israel. And it has many valuable lessons for us today. The blood of that covenant pointed forward to the blood of Christ, which is the blood which will seal the New Covenant. That covenant had a mediator, who was Moses, and the New Covenant will have a Mediator; namely, Jesus, and associated with him in this mediatorial work will be his true church. That covenant offered life; and those coming under the New Covenant will receive life.

On the other hand, there are other aspects of the New Covenant which will be “not according” to the old Law Covenant, and it is perhaps in the examination of these “not according” features that we obtain our clearest understanding of what the New Covenant will really mean to those who come under it. The principal “not according” feature of the New Covenant lies in the fact that its law will not be written on tables of stone, but in the hearts of the people: “I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts.”

Moses was in the mount with Jehovah for forty days, while the Law was being etched on tables of stone. There will be no such literal procedure as this in connection with the making of the New Covenant. The Apostle Paul gives us the antitype of this phase of making the New Covenant. We quote:

“Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the epistle of Christ ministered by us, written not with ink, but with the Spirit of the living God; not in tables of stone, but in fleshy tables of the heart. And such trust have we through Christ to God-ward: not that we are sufficient of ourselves; … but our sufficiency is of God; who also hath made us able ministers of the new testament [covenant]; not of the letter, but of the Spirit: for the letter killeth, but the Spirit giveth life. But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not steadfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away: how shall not the ministration of the Spirit be rather glorious? For if the ministration of condemnation be glory, much more doth the ministration of righteousness exceed in glory. For even that which was made glorious, had no glory in this respect, by reason of the glory that excelleth, For if that which is done away is glorious, much more that which remaineth is glorious. Seeing then that we have such hope, we use great plainness of speech.”—II Cor. 3:3-12

There should be no misunderstanding of the meaning of this beautiful and straightforward presentation by the Apostle Paul, which is that the relationship of Jesus’ followers to the New Covenant, as “ministers,” is like the relationship of the tables of stone to Moses in connection with the ministry of the Law Covenant. But the “not according” aspect of this comparison is striking. Moses was in the mount forty days receiving those typical tables of stone, and it requires the entire Gospel Age in the plan of God to prepare the antitypical tables of stone.

But when this “ministers of the new covenant” class is complete they will appear with Christ in glory, which will be the antitype of Moses appearing with glory on his countenance, bearing the tables of stone. This is the “hope of glory” which so inspires us as we are being prepared for the future ministry of the New Covenant. It is the fulfilment of the promise referred to by Paul: “When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory.”—Col. 3:4

There is always a vast difference between any type and its antitype. The bullock and the goat slain on Israel’s day of atonement typified the sacrifice of Christ and the church. That typical sacrifice was accomplished in one day, while its antitype requires the entire Gospel Age. The Most Holy of the tabernacle, a room fifteen feet square and fifteen feet high, typified heaven itself. And while we are unable to approximate the grandeur of any antitype until it at least begins to be fulfilled, we can be sure that it will be on a much larger and grander scale than the type; that its “not according” aspect is usually much more far-reaching than we can possibly visualize before it actually takes place.

To Teach the People

In Exodus 24:1,2 we are informed that the typical tables of stone were given to Moses that he might teach the people; and the teaching of the people in connection with the making of the New Covenant will be the work of the entire next age in the plan of God. It will involve the enlightenment of the whole world of mankind concerning the truth of God’s provision of life through Christ. Paul touches on this, saying, “For this is good and acceptable in the sight of God our Savior; who will have all men to be saved, and to come unto the knowledge of the truth. For there is one God, and one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus; who gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due time.”—I Tim. 2:3-6

The church, as the antitypical tables of stone, will be associated with Jesus in the work of testifying to all mankind the truth concerning the ransom and, through Jesus, offering the opportunity of life to all. The church, as the “bride” of Christ, will be associated with him in saying to the people, “Come … and take the water of life freely.—Rev. 22:17

What a wonderful provision the Lord has made for writing the law of the New Covenant in the hearts of the people, and of giving them a heart of flesh! This, indeed, as we have seen, is another of the “not according” features of the New Covenant—its law will not be written on tables of stone, but in the inward parts of the people themselves—in their hearts. Of necessity this will begin with their being made acquainted with the great truth of the ransom, and the high standards of righteousness which will then be enforced through the agencies of the messianic kingdom. Then also the Lord’s Spirit will be poured out upon all flesh, and under its influence, through the teachings of the “able ministers of the New Covenant” the people will, with different degrees of progress, gradually be restored to perfection, not only of body, but also of heart and mind. Upon the basis of this restoration they will then be in covenant relationship with the Lord.

The Dead Awakened

In the study of this aspect of the plan of God it is important to keep in mind that the great majority of those who will be reconciled to God through the New Covenant arrangements, and receive everlasting life will, at the beginning of that age of restoration, be asleep in death. This means that these will need to be raised from the dead in order to enter into the blessings of the New Covenant. While it might not require the entire age to reconcile a single generation under the New Covenant, when we take into consideration the many generations who at the start will be in their graves, we can readily see that the making of the New Covenant with all the people will indeed require the entire messianic age.

But how wonderful it will be when that covenant is fully made! Note the Lord’s description of what it will mean: “And they shall teach no more every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the Lord: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.”—Jer. 31:34

Here is another difference between the New Covenant and the old Law Covenant. While the people back there said, “All these things will we do,” the precepts of the Law had not reached their “inward parts.” It is only when this is accomplished that the people will be truly in full relationship with the Lord under the New Covenant. And when this is accomplished in the lives of all the willing and obedient, and the wilful opposers “cut off from among the people,” all will know him, and the work of teaching the people concerning the Lord will have been finished, for all will then know him from the least unto the greatest.

And there will be still another “not according to” in connection with the New Covenant. Concerning those who are reconciled to God through its agencies, the Lord says, “I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more.” (vs. 34) There was a typical forgiveness of sins in connection with the Law Covenant, based upon the year by year atonement day sacrifices of bulls and goats. This pointed forward to the “better sacrifices” of the Gospel Age, whereby, through the blood of Jesus, permanent forgiveness is provided for those who accept and whose lives become transformed through obedience. Then it will be true that the Lord will remember their sins no more.

How Accomplished

How will this blessed work of reformation and restoration be accomplished? Basically, it will be through the power of the Holy Spirit, for then, as we have noted, the Lord will pour out his Spirit upon all flesh. To start with it has been the power of the Holy Spirit which has so mightily worked in preparing the ministers of the new covenant for their future ministry. These will be the invisible servants of the covenant, but they will have human representatives who will be brought forth from death perfect, having received testimony that they pleased God. (Heb. 11:2,5,40) They passed their test, and will be ready to serve as representatives of the divine Christ.

In Psalm 45:16 these are referred to as “princes in all the earth.” Isaiah 32:1 reads, “Behold, a King [Jesus] shall reign in righteousness, and princes shall rule in judgment.” These princes will be the Ancient Worthies, and will be recognized by the people as representatives of the Lord. Jesus said, “Many shall come from the east and west, and shall sit down with Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, in the kingdom of heaven.” (Matt. 8:11) Again, “Ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God.”—Luke 13:28

These Ancient Worthies, of whom Jesus, and Paul (in Hebrews 11), mention a few, will be qualified to be the visible teachers of the people concerning the kingdom’s high standards of righteousness, and to encourage them to obedience. As pointed out in “Tabernacle Shadows” the sacrifices and sufferings of this class seem to be well represented by the sacrifice of the red heifer, as related in Numbers, chapter 19, This heifer, or cow, was burned, and its ashes were used for purifying purposes, particularly when mingled with water and hyssop.

Ashes are a token of something having been burned. So the sacrifices and sufferings of the Ancient Worthy class, and God’s blessing upon them because of their faithfulness, will serve as an incentive for righteousness on behalf of the whole world. In other words, the people will not only recognize the wisdom of their princes, but will look up to them because of their past faithfulness under trial, and will be inspired themselves to copy their example.

As Individuals

As we have already noted, the period spanned by the making of the New Covenant will be one in which every man will suffer for his own iniquity, and not for the sins of another. Each individual will then need to accept the provisions of God’s love through Christ in order to be fully released from the effects of adamic condemnation. Each one, as an individual, will need to obey the messianic kingdom laws in order to make progress toward perfection, and toward having the law of God written in his “inward parts.”

In the promise of the New Covenant it is said to be made “with the house of Israel and the house of Judah.” This emphasizes the fact that the natural descendants of Abraham who have been regathered to the Promised Land will predominantly be among the first who will be given the opportunity to come, through belief, under the blood of the New Covenant, and to start over the “highway” which will lead to perfection.

However, the blood of the New Covenant is the blood of Jesus, and that was shed for all mankind; for he is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only, but also for the sins of the whole world. And this reminds us of another sense in which the making of the New Covenant will be different, and on a much grander scale than the making of the typical Law Covenant. Then, as we have noted, the blood of animals was sprinkled literally upon the people; but in the case of the New Covenant it will be a symbolic sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ, upon the Jewish people, and upon the people of all nations. (Isa. 52:15) The Apostle Paul admonished the church, “Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water.”—Heb. 10:22

How different is this from the sprinkling of literal blood upon the heads of the people! And while, as we noted, Paul is here speaking of consecrated believers in this age, the principle will be the same in the next age. Then also the antitypical sprinkling will be associated with the heart cleansing of the people. Paul again speaks of this in his preview of the wonderful prospect which is set before us as followers of the Master, when he talks of “the blood of sprinkling,” which speaks better things than the blood of Abel.—Heb. 12:24

The Apostle Peter also mentions this blood of sprinkling. He says, “Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ.” (I Pet. 1:2) Peter does not say that we are sanctified by obedience, or by the blood of sprinkling, but “unto” these. Sanctification is our setting apart to the holy service of God, and that setting apart is to be so complete that we will be wholly obedient to the divine will. This is the great objective of our Christian lives so far as the present is concerned. And we are also set apart unto the great future work of sprinkling the blood of Jesus Christ in connection with our service of the New Covenant.

In II Corinthians 5:14-21, and 6:1 Paul enlarges upon the fact that we are co-workers with God as ministers of reconciliation. Then he speaks of the Lord’s having heard us in “the day of salvation,” identifying the present age as this day of salvation. This is a quotation, in part, from Isaiah 49:8, which reads, “Thus saith the Lord, In an acceptable time have I heard thee, and in a day of salvation have I helped thee: and I will preserve thee, and give thee for a covenant of the people, to establish the earth, to cause to inherit the desolate heritages.”

It will be through reconciliation to God, and a restoration to human perfection of body, mind, and heart, that the Israelites and all people will become worthy to “inherit the desolate heritages.” This, in reality, is descriptive of complete restitution. It is that which Jesus said of the sheep class in the parable, “Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.”—Matt. 25:34

It will be then that the knowledge of the Lord will fill the whole earth as the waters cover the sea, and when nothing will “hurt nor destroy” in all God’s holy kingdom. (Isa. 11:9) What a blessed prospect it is to contemplate the human race restored, and reconciled to God, delighting to do his will! It is for this glorious consummation of the divine plan that we continue earnestly to pray, “Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.”—Matt. 6:10

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